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1 management theory
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > management theory
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2 Theory Z
Gen Mgta management theory based on the assumption that greater employee involvement leads to greater productivity. Theory Z was proposed by Douglas McGregor shortly before his death in an attempt to address the criticisms of his Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor’s ideas were expanded by William Ouchi in his book Theory Z (1981), reflecting the Japanese approach to human resource management (see HRM). Theory Z advocates greater employee participation in management, greater recognition of employees’ contributions, better career prospects and security of employment, and greater mutual respect between employees and managers. -
3 Theory X
Gen Mgta management theory based on the assumption that most people are naturally reluctant to work and need discipline, direction, and close control if they are to meet work requirements. Theory X was coined by Douglas McGregor in The Human Side of Enterprise (1960), and it was considered by him to be an implicit basis for traditional hierarchical management. McGregor rejected Theory X as an appropriate management style and favored instead his proposed alternative, Theory Y. -
4 Theory Y
Gen Mgta management theory based on the assumption that employees want to work, achieve, and take responsibility for meeting their work requirements. Theory Y was coined by Douglas McGregor in The Human Side of Enterprise (1960). Although he recognized that Theory Y could not solve all human resource management problems, McGregor favored it over his Theory X, which required an autocratic management style. -
5 Theory J
Gen Mgtthe Japanese form of management. Theory J is closely related to Theory Z, and was expounded by William Ouchi. -
6 Theory W
Gen Mgtan extreme extension of Douglas McGregor’s Theory X, which proposes that not only should employees be coerced into action but that force is often required. Theory W is a humorous contribution to the alphabet theories of management. Theory W stands for Theory Whiplash. -
7 Theory E
Gen Mgta mechanism for bringing about change in an organization through the creation of economic value and improved profits for the shareholders. Theory E has the single goal of satisfying the financial markets with a top-down approach style of leadership from the chief executive. Theory E may be contrasted with Theory O, which involves employee empowerment and employee participation in leadership. -
8 Theory O
Gen Mgta mechanism for organizational change based on developing corporate culture and human capability through personal and organizational learning. Theory O involves fostering a culture that encourages employees to find their own solutions to problems through empowerment and participative leadership. Theory O contrasts with Theory E, which involves a top-down approach style of leadership rather than employee participation. -
9 theory of constraints
Finan approach to production management which aims to maximize sales revenue less material and variable overhead cost. It focuses on factors such as bottlenecks which act as constraints to this maximization.Abbr. TOC -
10 alphabet theories of management
Gen MgtThe ultimate business dictionary > alphabet theories of management
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11 Japanese management
Gen Mgt, HRa management style with particular emphasis on employees and manufacturing techniques, to which the Japanese economic miracle that began in the 1960s is attributed. Japanese management practices have been studied in the rest of the world in the hope that the economic success they brought to Japan can be recreated elsewhere. These practices emphasize forming collaborations, particularly in times of uncertainty, human resources, closer superior-subordinate relationships, and consensus as a means of facilitating implementation. Richard Pascale and Anthony Athos suggested that the Japanese competitive advantage stemmed from skills, staff, and superordinate goals, the softer features identified by the McKinsey 7-S framework. Other dominant characteristics include people-centered management, loyalty to employees, just-in-time, kaizen, continuous improvement, quality control, total quality management, and the ideas of W. Edwards Deming. William Ouchi expounded Theory J and Theory Z, which demonstrated the differences between U.S. and Japanese styles of management. With the downturn in the Japanese economy in the 1990s, management practices were reappraised, and there emerged a focus on radical change as opposed to incremental improvement. Customers were offered less variety, there was a shift toward simplicity, and an alternative to consensus-based decision making was adopted, with individuals making decisions based on high-tech information systems. -
12 economic theory of the firm
Gen Mgtthe theory that states that the only duty that a company has to those external to it is financial. The economic theory of the firm holds that shareholders should be the prime beneficiaries of an organization’s activities. The theory is associated with top-down leadership, and cost-cutting through rationalization and downsizing. With immediate share price dominating management activities, economic theory has been criticized as being too short-term, as opposed to the longer-term thinking behind stakeholder theory.The ultimate business dictionary > economic theory of the firm
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13 three-dimensional management
Gen Mgta theory outlining eight management styles that differ in effectiveness. Three-dimensional management was coined by Bill Reddin and was a development of the work of Robert Blake and Jane Mouton. Reddin described four managerial styles that he considered effective, and four that he considered less effective. These can be plotted in grids, showing how each style approaches relationships and tasks. The least effective type of manager is called the Deserter, the most effective is the Executive. Reddin believed that different styles are used in different types of work settings and that managers modify their style to suit different circumstances.The ultimate business dictionary > three-dimensional management
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14 3-D management
Gen Mgta theory outlining eight management styles that differ in effectiveness. Three-dimensional management was coined by Bill Reddin and was a development of the work of Robert Blake and Jane Mouton. Reddin described four managerial styles that he considered effective, and four that he considered less effective. These can be plotted in grids, showing how each style approaches relationships and tasks. The least effective type of manager is called the Deserter, the most effective is the Executive. Reddin believed that different styles are used in different types of work settings and that managers modify their style to suit different circumstances. -
15 flow theory
Gen Mgta theory of the way in which people become engaged with, or disengaged from, change. Flow theory suggests that people harmonize in change situations, and open, honest, trusting relationships emerge. The theory recognizes the unpredictability and rigidity of human nature when faced with change. -
16 product management
Mktga system for the coordination of all the stages through which a product passes during its life cycle. Product management involves control of a product from its innovation and development to its decline. The process is coordinated by a product manager who focuses on the marketing of the product but may also be responsible for pricing, packaging, branding, research and development, production, distribution, sales targets, and product performance appraisal. This cross-departmental approach is based on the theory that a dedicated product management system will lead to tighter control over the product, and thus higher sales and profits. A brand manager fulfills a similar function to a product manager, concentrating on products within one brand. -
17 contingency theory
Finthe hypothesis that there can be no universally applicable best practice in the design of organizational units or of control systems such as management accounting systems. The efficient design and functioning of such systems is dependent on an awareness by the system designer of the specific environmental factors which influence their operation, such as the organizational structure, technology base, and market situation. -
18 contingency theory of management
теория управления, основанная на учете случайностейАнгло-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > contingency theory of management
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19 situational theory of management
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > situational theory of management
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20 теория x
Management: theory x
См. также в других словарях:
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